is common to all cells is the notion of a ribosome, and this picture is full of ribosomes. All of these little dots right

Integumentary system: Serves as your first line of defense against infection. Made up of your skin (see Chapter 17). The true heart of science isn’t a bunch of facts — it’s the method that scientists use to gather those facts. Science is about exploring the natural world, making observations using the five senses, and attempting to make sense of those observations. Scientists, including biologists, use two main approaches when trying to make sense of the natural world: and that is stored in DNA, and that's true in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes are ones that don't Organisms are made of organ systems, which are made of organs, which are made of tissues, which are made of cells, which are made of molecules, which are made of atoms. Scientists all over the world are using systems thinking as a new way to analyze problems, from understanding human development and aging, to understanding disease, to understanding complex global issues like climate change and public health. Making Sense of the World through Observationsinside the cell membrane is considered the cytoplasm, cytoplasm. Sometimes you'll hear the term cytosol. The cytoplasm includes not just the fluid but also all of the stuff in the fluid while the cytosol is

After fertilization of the eggs by sperm, the ovules within a flower become seeds, and the ovary becomes a fruit. Seeds protect the embryo, and fruits help scatter the seeds away from the parent plant.If you’re using this book as a companion to a biology class that’s just beginning, you can follow along with the topics being discussed in class.

Report your results, being sure to explain your original ideas and how you conducted your experiment, and describe your conclusions. Nervous system: Controls your body functions via electrical signals. Made up of your brain, spinal cord, and nerves (see Chapter 18). Reproductive system: Is responsible for sexual reproduction. Made up of ovaries, fallopian tubes, a uterus, a cervix, a vagina, and a vulva if you’re female, and testes, a scrotum, vas deferens, a prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and a penis if you’re male (see Chapter 19). Comparing Plants to People Living things are made of cells that contain DNA. A cell is the smallest part of a living thing that retains all the properties of life. In other words, it’s the smallest unit that’s alive. DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material, or instructions, for the structure and function of cells. (We fill you in on cells, including the differences between plant and animal cells, in Chapter 4, and we tell you all about the structure of DNA in Chapter 3.)

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Humans are part of the natural world, and like all living things, use resources from the environment and produce wastes. However, the human species is unusual in its ability to use technology to extend its reach, drawing heavily on the natural resources of the Earth and changing environments to suit its needs. The human population has expanded to cover most of the Earth, and the numbers just keep on growing. Make observations about something you’re interested in and use inductive reasoning to come up with a hypothesis that seems like a good explanation or answer to your question.

remember One important point about a scientific hypothesis is that it must be testable, or falsifiable. In other words, it has to be an idea that you can support or reject by exploring the situation further using your five senses. When gas exchange occurs between the lungs and a blood cell, it is the iron that binds (attaches to) the oxygen. Then, the iron-oxygen complex releases from the hemoglobin molecule in the red blood cell so that the oxygen can cross cell membranes and get inside any cell of the body. remember A system is a group of related parts that work together. As an example, consider your own body. You are a system. You have a boundary (your skin) that keeps all of you separate from the outside world. Within your body, you have many smaller systems like your nervous system or your cardiovascular system that work together so that your whole body functions. To truly understand how one of your organ systems works to help keep you healthy, we need to look not just at that system, but also how it interacts with the other parts of your body.Biology For Dummies, 3rd Edition, takes a look at the characteristics all living things share. It also provides an overview of the concepts and processes that are fundamental to living things. We make sure to emphasize the most important ideas in biology while taking a look at the diversity of life on planet Earth and our place in it.